This detailed plan is particularly targeting high-emission sectors such as petrochemical, non-ferrous metals, building materials, transportation, and public institutions. The key points across different sectors include:

Petrochemical Industry:

• Capacity Control: Strict policies to limit new capacities in refining and high-emission production like calcium carbide and polyvinyl chloride, with a focus on shutting down inefficient facilities.
• Efficiency Improvements: By 2025, aim for 30% of production in industries like oil refining to meet energy efficiency benchmarks. This includes recovering waste heat and promoting advanced energy-saving equipment.
• Renewable Energy & Electrification: Push for renewable energy substitution, especially hydrogen production, and transition from steam to electric drives where feasible.

Non-Ferrous Metal Industry:

• Capacity Optimization: Enforce capacity replacement for energy-intensive processes like electrolytic aluminum and promote recycled metals.
• Efficiency Standards: Ensure new projects meet high energy efficiency benchmarks.
• Carbon Reduction Transformation: Promote advanced processes (e.g., stable aluminum electrolysis) and increase renewable energy use to 25% in the aluminum industry by 2025.

Building Materials Industry:

• Capacity and Output Management: Control the production of high-emission products like cement and flat glass while promoting the use of waste materials for production.
• New Projects Access: Ensure new building material projects meet energy efficiency benchmarks, with 30% of production capacity in cement and ceramics reaching efficiency standards by 2025.
• Emission Reductions: Drive technological innovations for low-emission production, and target 50% of cement clinker production to undergo ultra-low emission transformation by 2025.

Buildings:

• Energy-Efficient Construction: By 2025, new urban buildings must meet green standards, with a significant increase in rooftop photovoltaic installations and renewable energy use.
• Renovation of Existing Buildings: Large-scale upgrades for energy-saving technologies, aiming to renovate over 200 million square meters of existing buildings by 2025.
• Building Operations: Improve energy use monitoring and optimize heating and cooling in large public buildings.

Transportation:

• Low-Carbon Infrastructure: Promote electrification at stations, airports, and railways. Encourage the use of renewable energy at transport hubs and increase the network for electric vehicle charging stations.
• Vehicle Electrification: Expand the use of electric vehicles in public transport and freight fleets, phasing out older, less efficient vehicles.
• Shift to Rail and Water Transport: Increase the share of freight transport by rail and waterways, cutting emissions from long-distance trucking.

Public Institutions

• Energy Management: Implement stricter energy-saving targets in public institutions, with goals to reduce energy consumption per unit of building area by 5% by 2025.
• Facility Upgrades: Public institutions will focus on upgrading energy-using equipment like boilers and elevators to higher efficiency standards, reducing coal reliance.

Key Management Mechanisms:

• Target Evaluation and Accountability: Set regional and industry-specific carbon reduction targets with regular evaluations.
• Energy-Saving Review: Ensure that new infrastructure projects, especially in high-emission industries, comply with stringent energy-saving requirements.
• Enhanced Supervision: Establish a monitoring system for energy use in key industries, strengthening enforcement and supervision of energy-saving laws.
• Statistical Systems: Improve data accuracy and timeliness for energy consumption and carbon emissions, integrating them with the carbon market for better analysis and monitoring.

This comprehensive strategy shows a commitment to achieving significant energy savings and emission reductions across major industries, targeting structural changes, efficiency improvements, and a gradual shift toward renewable energy by 2025. Through pragmatic steps in energy consumption reduction, fostering non-fossil fuel energy, and transforming high-energy-consuming industries like steel, China is laying the groundwork for a more sustainable, resilient economy. With clear targets and a robust implementation strategy, the plan supports the dual objectives of economic growth and environmental protection, making substantial progress toward achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality.